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Table 3 Summary of associations between personal and environmental factors and relative UE use

From: Factors associated with upper extremity use after stroke: a scoping review of accelerometry studies

Factor studied

Assessment used

Stroke stage

# subjects

Relation

Conclusion

Health condition

     

Stroke type

 

Subacute

26

1 No

0

Number of strokes

 

Chronic

46

1 No

0

Lesion volume

 

Chronic

18

1 No

0

Sensorimotor cortices myelination asymmetry

Sensorimotor cortex MWF

Chronic

18

1 No

0

Time since stroke

 

Acute to chronic

148

6 No

00

Stroke severity

NIHSS

Acute to subacute

401

6 Yes (M + S)

++

NIHSS

Chronic

15

1 No

Number of comorbidities

 

Chronic

46

1 No

0

Body structures and functions

    

UE motricity

BRS Hand & UE, FMA-UE, NIHSS-UE, SAFE, MI, CMSA, Grip strength

Acute to chronic

982

26 Yes (M + S)

++

FMA-UE

Chronic

59

3 No

UE Spasticity

mAS

Subacute

26

1 No

0

UE Pain

FMA-UE Pain

Subacute

26

1 Yes (M)

+

UE Sensory

FMA-UE sensory, Hand tactile detection

Acute to chronic

61

2 No

0

UE Oedema

 

Acute

130

1 No

0

UE Kinematics

Motion capture system

Chronic

45

1 Yes

+

Compensatory movement

Trunk motion capture system, Video analysis

Chronic

123

2 Yes (M)

+

LE motricity

FMA-LE, BRS LE

Acute to subacute

45

2 Yes (M)

+

LE non-motor

FMA-LE sensory & pain, mAS

Subacute

26

1 No

0

Balance

Berg Balance Scale

Chronic

15

1 No

0

Neglect

CBS, GEREN, LeC, LiC, FT, C&R, Bisiach test

Acute to chronic

35

1 Yes (M)

?

Dummy hand experimentation

Sub-acute

25

1 No

Visual impairment

Visual field, preferred gaze orientation

Acute to chronic

35

1 No

0

Anosognosia

CBS

Acute to chronic

35

1 No

0

Cognition

Short blessed test

Chronic

46

1 No

0

Depression

CESDS

Chronic

46

1 No

0

Activity limitations

     

Unimanual UE

ARAT, WMFT, SIS-Hand, STEF, BBT, TEMPA, NHPT

Acute to chronic

653

20 Y (S + M)

++

ARAT, SIS-Hand

Chronic

49

3 No

Bimanual UE

CAHAI, ABILHAND, Ad-AHA stroke

Sub-acute to chronic

158

5 Yes (S + M)

++

Mobility

10mWT, FAC, Independent walking

5STS, SIS-Mobility

Acute to subacute

226

3 Yes (M + L)

++

TUG, 10mWT, SIS-Mobility

Subacute & chronic

60

2 No

General autonomy

Independence in ADLs, Sunnaas ADL-Index, mRS

Acute to chronic

103

3 Yes (M)

??

mRS, FIM

Acute to chronic

54

3 No

Participation

     

Physical activity

Number of steps, PAS

Acute to chronic

80

3 No

0

Personal factors

     

Concordance

 

Acute to chronic

325

8 No

??

 

Subacute to chronic

199

5 Yes

Sex

 

Acute to chronic

154

6 No

00

Age

 

Acute to chronic

142

6 No

00

 

Subacute

26

1 Yes (L)

Education

 

Acute to chronic

35

1 No

0

Self-efficacy

CAHM, Self-perceived barriers

Subacute to chronic

59

2 Yes (M)

+

Environmental factors

     

Time of the week

WE vs. WD

Sub-acute

28

1 Yes (M)

+

Living arrangement

 

Chronic

46

1 No

0

Time in therapy

OT, PT

Sub-acute

60

1 Yes

+

  1. +/++ consistent association in less or more than 4 study, -/-- no association in less or more than 4 study, ?/?? inconsistent association in less or more than 4 study, 5STS Five times Sit To Stand, 10mWT Ten Meters Walking Test, Ad-AHA Adult Assisting Hand Assessment, ARAT Action Research Arm Test, BBT Box and Blocks Test, BRS Brunnstrom Recovery Stages, CAHAI Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory, CAHM Confidence in Arm and Hand Movement Scale, CBS Catherine Bergego Scale, CESD Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CMSA Chedoke-McMaster Stroke Assessment, C&R Comb and Razor test, FAC Functional Ambulation categorie, FIM Functional Independence Measure, FMA Fugl-Meyer Assessment, FT Fluff Test, mAS modified Ashworth Scale, L Low association, LE Lower Extremity, LeC Letter Cancellation test, LiC Line cancellation test, M Moderate association, MI Motricity Index, MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging, mRS Modified Rankin Scale, MWF Myelin Water Fraction, NHPT Nine-Hole Peg Test,, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, OT Occupational Therapy, PAS Physical Activity Scale, PT Physical Therapy, S Strong association SAFE Shoulder Abduction Finger Extension test, SIS Stroke Impact Scale, STEF Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function, TEMPA Test d’Évaluation des Membres supérieurs des Personnes Âgées, TUG Timed Up and Go Test, UE Upper Extremity, WD Weekdays, WE Weekend, WMFT Wolf Motor Function Test
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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

ISSN: 1743-0003

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