Table 3 Overview of all studies data collection
Study design | Motor task | Analysis | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | study type | study aim | number of participants | within MRI | outside MRI | limb studied | Mocap during fMRI? | Kinematic parameters | Use of kinematics in fMRI | |
S | H | |||||||||
[39] Ameli 2009 | Cross-sectional | Brain study | 21 | 0 | Index finger tapping | Index finger & hand tapping | Upper | No | Tapping frequency | Covariable in group analysis and response identification to repetitive TMS |
[40] Bani-Ahmed 2020 | Longitudinal | Brain study | 11 | 12 | Handgrip | Reaching | Upper | No | Trunk movement | Covariable in group analysis |
[31] Brihmat 2020 | Cross-sectional | Brain study | 15 | 0 | Passive wrist extension | Upper | Yes | Amplitude | Covariable in group analysis and regressor in individual analysis | |
[22] Buma 2016 | Longitudinal | Brain study | 15 | 0 | Finger flexion | Reaching | Upper | No | Grasp aperture, normalized jerk | Group correlation with BOLD signal in Regions of Interest |
[42] Carey 2007 | Longitudinal | Rehabilitation evaluation | 20 | 0 | paretic index finger Flexion | Upper | Yes | Tracking accuracy, range of motion | Visual feedback during task execution | |
[41] Carey2004 | longitudinal case study | Rehabilitation evaluation | 1 | 0 | Unilateral ankle flexion | lower | yes | Accuracy index, walking time, ankle range of motion, peak dorsiflexion | Comparison of results | |
[19] Casellato 2010 | Longitudinal pilot study | Feasibility and brain study | 1 | 1 | Ankle flexion, finger tapping | Lower & upper | yes | angular amplitude, frequency, between feet correlation, displacement | regressor in individual analysis | |
[43] Ciceron 2022 | Cross-sectional case study | Brain study | 1 | 10 | Finger opposition | Reaching | Upper | No | Movement time, peak velocity, time to peak velocity, maximal grip aperture, time to maximal grip aperture | To distinguish motor recovery from motor compensation |
[20] Del Din 2014 | Cross-sectional case study | Brain study | 1 | 1 | Ankle flexion | Gait | Lower | No | Cadence, stride length, peak power, positive/negative work | Correlation at the individual level with BOLD signal |
[44] Deng 2012 | Cross-sectional | Rehabilitation evaluation | 15 | 0 | Ankle flexion | Gait | Lower | Yes | Dorsiflexion angle, toe clearance, symmetry ratio, stride length | Verification of mirror movements |
[45] Dobkin 2004 | Longitudinal | Brain study | 1 | 12 | Ankle flexion | Gait | Lower | No | WALKING speed | Evaluation of motor evolution between training sessions |
[46] Gandolla 2021 | Longitudinal | Brain study | 8 | 16 | Right active & passive ankle flexion | Gait | Lower | Yes | Gait velocity, endurance velocity, paretic step Length | Monitoring Functional Electrical Stimulation |
[47] Hensel 2021 | Cross-sectional | Brain study | 14 | 13 | Finger tapping | Upper | No | peak velocity | guiding Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | |
[48] Hensel 2023 | Cross-sectional | Brain study | 18 | 18 | Finger tapping | Finger tapping, pointing, reaching | Upper | No | Efficiency, accuracy, smoothness, speed | Correlation with connectivity |
[49] Nowak 2008 | Longitudinal | Brain study | 15 | 0 | Handgrip | Tapping, reaching | Upper | No | Time of peak velocity, peak velocity | Covariable in group analysis |
[50] Promjunyakul 2015 | Cross-sectional | Feasibility study | 14 | 12 | Pedaling | Lower | Yes | Step length, walking velocity, symmetry, work ratio paretic/non-paretic side | Correlation with BOLD signal | |
[51] Saleh 2011 | Longitudinal | Brain study | 4 | 0 | FINGER flexion | upper | Yes | Angular velocity, smoothness, finger individuation, range of motion | Correlation with BOLD signal | |
[21] Saleh 2014 | Cross-sectional | Brain study | 15 | 0 | Finger flexion | Upper | Yes | Movement time, mean peak angular velocity | Visual feedback during task execution | |
[52] Schaechter 2008 | Cross-sectional | Brain study | 10 | 10 | synergistic & non-synergistic digits Flexion | Upper | Yes | amplitude, frequency, speed, acceleration, jerk, Mirroring | Comparison of results | |
[53] Sergi 2011 | Cross-sectional | Rehabilitation efficacy prediction | 2 | 2 | Reaching | Upper | Yes | velocity, movement duration, Displacement | Analysis of kinematics alone | |
[54] Tunik 2013 | Cross-sectional | Brain study | 3 | 12 | Sequential finger movement | Upper | Yes | Movement duration, mean displacement, decision time | Visual feedback during the task, and use of kinematic data to confirm that subjects complied with the task | |
[55] Turolla 2013 | Longitudinal pilot study | Rehabilitation evaluation | 1 | 0 | Index flexion | Upper | No | Movement time, normalized jerk | Comparison of results, evolution evaluation between sessions | |
[56] van Dokkum 2018 | Longitudinal | Brain study | 19 | 13 | Elbow flexion | Upper | Yes | Amplitude, frequency, normalized trajectory length, number of velocity Peaks | Covariate in group analysis | |