Transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor and premotor cortex with mirror therapy improves motor control, muscle function, and brain activity in chronic stroke: a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial

Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the participants

Variables	PMC (N = 12)	M1 (N = 12)	Sham (N = 12)	P
Age (year)	58.95 ± 12.4	54.33 ± 14.6	64.03 ± 7.25	0.15
Gender (Male/Female)	8/4	11/1	10/2	0.29
Side of hemiparesis (Right/Left)	6/6	6/6	6/6	1
Time since stroke (months)	53.92 ± 39.79	48 ± 42.44	26.33 ± 16.85	0.14
Hemorrhagic/Ischemic Stroke	4/8	8/4	5/7	0.24
FMA-UE	23.58 ± 5.16	23.17 ± 5.54	23.33 ± 6.13	0.39
MMSE	28.33 ± 1.56	28.42 ± 1.73	28.67 ± 1.15	0.85

Note: PMC, iPMC-tDCS with MT group; M1, iM1-tDCS with MT group; Sham, Sham-tDCS with MT group; FMA-UE, Fugl-Meyer assessment scale of Upper Extremity; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination. Value is presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD)

ISSN: 1743-0003