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Table 2 Descriptive and Inferential statistics of clinical and kinematic outcomes

From: Transcranial direct current stimulation over the motor and premotor cortex with mirror therapy improves motor control, muscle function, and brain activity in chronic stroke: a double-blind randomized sham-controlled trial

Variable

Pre-intervention

Post-intervention

Between-group Comparison

Within-group Comparison

PMC

M1

Sham

 

PMC

M1

Sham

PMC

M1

Sham

F

P

η2

t

P

d

t

P

d

t

P

d

 

Clinical Variables

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

             

MAS

0.83 ± 0.34

0.94 ± 0.69

0.67 ± 0.4

0.57 ± 0.23

0.79 ± 0.55

0.55 ± 0.25

1.63

0.21

0.09

3.1

0.01*

0.9

1.77

0.11

0.24

1.57

0.15

0.36

 

MRC

2.9 ± 0.84

3.08 ± 0.99

3.05 ± 0.85

3.09 ± 0.74

2.76 ± 1.25

3.27 ± 0.88

1.67

0.2

0.1

-1.67

0.12

0.25

0.86

0.41

0.29

-2.09

0.06

0.25

 

Kinematic Variables

Index PV (mm/ms)

605.72 ± 174.73

739.08 ± 181.03

626.35 ± 233.82

752.42 ± 230.39

788.48 ± 257.29

584.86 ± 221.41

4.19

0.03*

0.24

-3.85

0.004*

0.72

-0.85

0.41

0.22

1.07

0.31

0.18

 

Trunk PV (mm/ms)

138.72 ± 80.03

163.01 ± 97.08

158.13 ± 107.99

165.25 ± 75.38

181.18 ± 144.25

188.22 ± 124.62

0.14

0.87

0.01

-1.63

0.14

0.34

-0.76

0.47

0.15

-2.61

0.03*

0.26

 

Index MU (unit/mm)

5.43 ± 4.44

5.35 ± 3.92

6.84 ± 11.5

2.85 ± 1.72

3.43 ± 2.61

9.19 ± 18.2

3.64

0.04*

0.21

2.7

0.02*

0.77

2.01

0.07

0.58

-1.13

0.29

0.15

 

Trunk MU (unit/mm)

3.01 ± 1.32

3.10 ± 1.87

4.53 ± 3.05

2.88 ± 1.29

2.79 ± 1.22

2.52 ± 1.86

4.13

0.03*

0.23

0.33

0.75

0.11

0.63

0.54

0.14

3.78

0.004*

0.8

 

Index MT (sec)

2.65 ± 2.98

1.77 ± 0.71

3.06 ± 3.15

1.66 ± 0.83

1.43 ± 0.52

2.55 ± 3.08

0.79

0.47

0.06

1.35

0.21

0.45

2.12

0.06

0.55

1.31

0.22

0.16

 

Trunk MT (sec)

2.91 ± 3.16

2.02 ± 0.79

3.24 ± 2.93

2.03 ± 0.88

1.69 ± 0.74

2.33 ± 2.29

0.06

0.94

0.01

1.07

0.31

0.38

1.75

0.11

0.11

2.21

0.05*

0.34

 

Index TD (mm/mm)

139.74 ± 44.23

147.22 ± 33.56

159.09 ± 63.51

142.03 ± 39.06

143.79 ± 33.47

158.31 ± 51.05

0.15

0.86

0.01

-0.28

0.79

0.05

0.61

0.56

0.1

0.06

0.96

0.01

 

Trunk TD (mm/mm)

106.23 ± 86.12

125.52 ± 91.68

137.01 ± 103.2

103.92 ± 72.99

91.03 ± 73.73

139.26 ± 100.71

3.9

0.03*

0.22

0.2

0.85

0.03

3.26

0.01*

0.41

-0.2

0.85

0.02

 

Max Shoulder flex (deg/mm)

46.81 ± 18.82

38.95 ± 13.99

34.18 ± 15.74

46.16 ± 14.58

36.48 ± 15.6

34.01 ± 15.49

0.45

0.64

0.03

0.27

0.79

0.04

1.78

0.11

0.17

0.06

0.96

0.01

 

Max Trunk flex (deg/mm)

10.79 ± 8.23

13.28 ± 8.54

13.91 ± 11.14

9.76 ± 6.41

9.64 ± 7.41

14.1 ± 9.97

2.36

0.11

0.15

0.71

0.5

0.14

3.14

0.01*

0.46

-0.11

0.92

0.02

 
  1. Note: PMC, iPMC-tDCS with MT group; M1, iM1-tDCS with MT group; Sham, Sham-tDCS with MT group; MAS, Modified Ashworth Scale; MRC, Medical Research Council Scale for Muscle Strength; PV, peak velocity; MU, movement units; MT, movement time; TD, Total displacement. Value is presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).*P ≦ 0.05
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Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation

ISSN: 1743-0003

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